Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对畜禽免疫功能的影响

研究了纯中药复方抗病毒制剂--双黄杀毒退烧颗粒对成年兔、鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响.HI抗体检测、MTT实验、E-玫瑰花环形成试验和酯酶染色试验的结果表明,双黄杀毒退烧颗粒能显著增强家兔的体液免疫作用,明显提高家兔和鸡的细胞免疫功能,对家兔的免疫增强作用优于鸡.     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。     

黄连解毒颗粒对靶动物鸡的安全性试验

为了评价黄连解毒颗粒对靶动物鸡的安全性,将80只黄羽肉鸡随机分为四组,每组20只。分别添加1、3和5倍推荐剂量(3g /L、9g /L、15g /L) 的黄连解毒颗粒,连续饮水给药7天,同时设置空白对照组。试验期间观察记录各组鸡的精神、饮食、粪便情况与试验前后的体重变化,测定给药前、给药第7天及停药后第7天各组鸡的血液生理生化指标,同时在停药第7天进行剖检,测定脏器指数,观察病理及组织学变化。结果显示,黄连解毒颗粒各剂量组鸡的临床体征均正常。与空白对照组相比,给药第7天及停药第7天各给药剂量组血液生化指标,仅丙氨酸转氨酶显著降低(P＜0.05),血常规指标变化在正常范围内,1倍剂量组胸腺指数显著升高(P＜0.05),其他各项指标均无显著性变化(P＞0.05)。解剖5倍剂量组,肉眼及组织学观察心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、法氏囊均未发生病变。结果表明,黄连解毒颗粒在5倍(15g/L)剂量范围内使用是安全的。     

吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留与膳食风险评估

为评价马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留引发的膳食风险。2016年-2018年开展了3年12地规范残留试验,构建吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留检测方法,并对我国一般人群进行了膳食风险评估。马铃薯样品使用2%乙酸乙腈提取,C18净化,外标法定量,UPLC-MS/MS检测。在0.01～1 mg/kg添加水平下,吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的平均回收率为75%～85%,相对标准偏差为3%～8%。12地最终残留试验表明,50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂按有效成分225 g/hm²施药2次,最后1次施药后14、21 d马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留量分别≤0.018 mg/kg和≤0.012 mg/kg。膳食风险评估表明,吡蚜酮的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为1.633 9 mg/kg,风险商(RQ)为86.4%。马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留不会对一般人群健康造成不可接受的风险。     

肝毒净颗粒的质量控制研究

对栀子和黄芩进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定肝毒净颗粒中绿原酸含量.色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液（8∶ 92）,检测波长为324.5 nm.绿原酸在0.161 6～1.292 8 mg范围内,峰面积与其呈良好线性关系（r= 0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.19% （n=6）,RSD=1.26%.本方法可用于控制肝毒净颗粒的质量.     

Disseminated lymphoma with large granular lymphocyte morphology diagnosed in a horse via abdominal fluid and transtracheal wash cytology

A 22‐year‐old Tennessee Walking Horse mare was presented to the Auburn University Large Animal Teaching Hospital with a 3‐day history of lethargy, anorexia, and mild signs of colic. The mare had a several‐month history of weight loss and refractory cough. Physical examination revealed an increased respiratory rate, and crackles and wheezes were heard on thoracic auscultation. Thoracic ultrasonographic examination showed disseminated, minor, bilateral comet tail‐like lesions on the parietal pleural surfaces. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination was unremarkable. Trans‐rectal palpation revealed a firm small colon impaction with concomitant diarrhea. Laboratory data were characterized by a very pronounced acute inflammatory leukogram with severe neutropenia and significant left shift, evidence of hepatocellular damage/necrosis, cholestasis, and possibly mixed metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. On cytologic evaluation of a peritoneal fluid sample, there were many large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Large numbers of LGL were also observed on cytologic examination of a subsequent transtracheal wash. The final cytologic interpretation was disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology. Due to worsening of the clinical signs and poor prognosis, the mare was euthanized. On necropsy and in histopathologic examination, disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology was noted in a mesenteric lymph node, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and right dorsal colon. Lymphoma with LGL morphology is rarely diagnosed in the horse. This report provides unique cytologic findings of a case of disseminated lymphoma with LGL morphology in a horse, confirmed with histopathologic evaluation.     

正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

杀单·毒死蜱在粤糖60号配套栽培中的防虫效应研究

为明确5%杀单·毒死蜱在粤糖60号配套栽培上的总体防虫效应、速效性、持效期等,为其在粤糖60号大田生产上配套应用提供科学依据。以粤糖60号为供试甘蔗品种,设5%杀单·毒死蜱药剂处理,与常规农药3%呋喃丹及空白对照处理进行比较,采用沟施、撒施覆土方法进行杀单·毒死蜱防治粤糖60号易遭受的害虫药效试验。结果表明,在本试验条件下,各处理间的枯心率、虫节率、蔗茎产量、含糖量差异极显著或显著。在粤糖60号种植时和大培土时每667m2各施用低毒农药5%杀单·毒死蜱6kg,对甘蔗螟虫、绵蚜虫、蓟马和地下害虫金龟子等具有良好的防治效果,能减少品种遭受虫蛀茎为害,有效提高甘蔗蔗糖分,对粤糖60号增产、增糖具有明显的促进作用。建议在粤糖60号配套栽培中注意因虫选药、科学合理用药,尤其是螟虫、绵蚜虫、蓟马、金龟子等为害严重的地块种植该品种推荐配套使用5%杀单·毒死蜱进行防治,以达到增产、增糖和增收的目的。